In plants, the meristematic tissues are composed of undifferentiated cells whose primary role is to promote plant development. Permanent tissue is a distinct kind of tissue that serves a single purpose throughout an individual’s life. 

Some of these functions include conducting, strengthening the plant’s mechanical structure, or even facilitating photosynthesis. Differentiated and generated from meristematic tissue origination.

To understand Meristematic and Permanent Tissue differences, you need to understand the two separately first.

Difference Between Meristematic And Permanent Tissue

The plant body has expanded in size and complexity as a result of evolution. In multicellular organisms, there is a division of labour and each cell is allocated a specific task because of its complexity. Cells that have a similar function and origin are collectively referred to as “tissue”. 

Organs in plants are made up of a group of tissues. Most multicellular plants have tissue that performs comparable or distinct tasks.

However, this is not always the case. Creating organ systems may help enhance the body’s structure and reduce individual cells’ burden. 

As a result, they are increasing the body’s overall efficiency. Meristematic and Permanent tissues are the two basic categories of plant tissue depending on their ability to divide.

Meristematic Growth Tissues

Living cells that are capable of self-renewal and division make up meristematic tissue. Plants can only grow in a limited number of locations. Meristematic zones (e.g., root tip, shoot tip, and cambium) are defined by the presence of meristematic tissues. 

Because of their propensity to divide, these tissues are also known as growth tissues, contributing to the plant’s length and thickness.

Depending on where the meristematic tissue is located in the plant body, it may be further subdivided into three categories: Apical, lateral and intercalary meristems make up the apical meristem. 

Meristems that originate from this central meristem are responsible for increasing a plant’s length. Cambium aids in the growth of the stem and root by increasing their thickness or circumference body. The intercalary meristem, which adds primary tissues, is responsible for longitudinal development.

Permanent Tissues

To begin with, the meristematic tissues are transformed into permanent tissues, which are then further differentiated into other tissues. These tissues may temporarily or permanently lose their ability to divide. During wound healing and secondary growth, if the cells are alive, they may restore their capacity to divide.

Based on origin, these tissues are classified into primary and secondary permanent tissues. According to their structure and functions, they may be classified into three groups. 

All three types of tissues are found in the body. The term “simple tissue” refers to a collection of cells that have a common purpose.

These include parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchymas. They all have an exact definition, yet they’re all made up of distinct kinds of cells. Phloem and xylem are examples of vascular tissues. 

Secretory tissue or particular tissue is composed of cells capable of producing certain compounds (enzymes, hormones etc.).

Differences between Meristematic and Permanent Tissues:

Meristematic and Permanent Tissue Differences are shown in the table below.

Summary of Differences

• The cells may divide several times in meristematic tissue, but this is not possible in permanent tissue.
• Permanent tissue cells arise from meristematic tissue, which in turn derives from the stem cells.
• Meristematic tissue is composed of undifferentiated cells, whereas permanent tissue is composed of meristematic cells that have undergone differentiation.
• Small and comparable in form, the cells of meristematic tissue have thin cellulose cell walls. Permanent tissue cells are larger and have a particular shape and size, making them easier to identify. Permanent tissue may have thin or thick cell walls.
• There are no intercellular gaps in meristematic tissues because the cells are tightly packed together. Still, the cells might be more loosely packed in permanent tissues, and there are typically intercellular spaces between them.
• A plant’s meristematic tissues are limited to certain parts of the plant body, unlike its permanent tissues.
• Meristematic tissue cells are usually devoid of vacuoles. Vacuoles are prominent in the cells of permanent tissues.
• Metabolism rates in meristematic tissue cells are very high in contrast to those seen in permanent tissue cells.
• In permanent tissues, crystals and other inorganic inclusions are more common than in meristematic tissue.
• Meristematic tissue cells contain a rich cytoplasm and a big nucleolus, while the nuclei of permanent tissue cells are tiny.
• The meristematic tissue’s primary role is to aid with growth. Permanent tissue serves a variety of functions, including protection, photosynthesis, conduction, and support.
• Both meristematic and permanent tissue include alive cells, but only meristematic tissue contains living cells.

Conclusion

Tissues are collections of cells that work together to accomplish a single task. Meristematic and Permanent Tissue are the two basic categories of tissue in plants, based on the ability of cells to divide.

Let’s go back to the days of elementary school when your teachers first introduced you to the concepts of counting and backward counting. Remember? While you were learning to count, your instructor taught you a method to discover the number that came after the previous number.

When you were learning to count backward, your teacher taught you a strategy to find the number before the previous number.

Read: Most effective tips to Prepare for Class 10th Maths Olympiad

We can see that every whole number has a corresponding successor of a Whole Number.

An introduction

In mathematics, the terms “successor” and “predecessor” refer to that they occur immediately after or before the specific number, respectively. Both successor and predecessor were essentially only applicable to full numbers in their respective cases.

The phrase “after numbers” is used when referring to a successor, while “before numbers” refers to the predecessor.

In mathematics, the phrase “successor” refers to the number given after the end of a given term, while the term “predecessor” refers to the number before the end of a certain term. You may find a whole number by adding one to the specifications supplied number, but you can also find a whole number by subtracting one from a given number. Among other things, we will look at what the terms successor and predecessor imply, what the terms successor and predecessor mean, how to discover the successor of a given number and how to find the predecessor of a given number.

Meaning of Successor

Successors play an essential role in mathematics. They unquestionably have substantial applications in the fields of mathematics and scientific research.

In mathematics, a successor is a number that follows another number or comes after the provided number. In other words, the next number is one more than the preceding number. For instance,

The successor of 24 = 24 + 1 = 25

The successor of 101 = 101 + 1 = 102

The successor of 46 = 46 + 1 = 47

Meaning of Predecessor

In mathematics, the term “predecessor” refers to a number that precedes another or occurs before the given number. In other words, the preceding number is one less than the subsequent number. For instance,

The Predecessor of 20 = 20 – 1 = 19

The Predecessor of 200 = 200 – 1 = 199

The Predecessor of 44= 44 – 1 = 43

Meaning of whole numbers

The whole number is a part of a number system that contains all of the positive integers, i.e., all the numbers from 0 to infinity. Real numbers are numbers that can be drawn on a number line, so they are sometimes referred to as such. So, all whole numbers may be treated as real numbers, but not all real numbers are considered as whole numbers, as we can see in the example above.

W represents the whole numbers, while the set of whole numbers is represented by the letter ‘W’.

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9…  The whole numbers encompass all positive numbers up to, and including zero; however, they do not incorporate fractions or decimals numbers in their calculations.

Fractions do incorporate decimal numbers, like 1/2 is equal to 0.5 and 3/4 represents 0.75. You can convert a fraction into a decimal number or compare fractions with comparing fractions calculator. 

Whole numbers make it simple to carry out mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, amongst other things.

Finding the Successor and Predecessor of a Number is a difficult task! Not anymore

In mathematics, the concepts of Successor and Predecessor are crucial to address. It is common to see them in the fields of mathematics and physics. The techniques for determining the successor and predecessor of a given number are covered in the next section.

• Let’s start with a discussion of the procedure for determining the successor of a given integer.

The successor of a given number may be discovered by one to the given number. Examples include the successor of 0 being 1, the successor of 10 being 11, the successor of 2 being 3, etc.

• Let us now look at the procedure for determining the number that came before a particular number.

A given number’s predecessor may be determined by subtracting one from the provided number. For example, the predecessor of 10 is 9, the successor of 21 is 20, the successor of 3 is 2, and so on. Similarly, the successor of 100 is 99. The lone complete number, which is zero, does not have a preceding number.

We can see that every whole number, with the exception of zero, has a predecessor.

Note: 

One key issue is that the successor and predecessor functions are applied only to whole integers, which should be clarified. It suggests that they may be applied to other numbers, such as zero, one, two, and so on.

The terms Successor and Predecessor do not apply to fractions, decimals, or negative numbers, nor do they apply to negative numbers. As a result, every whole number has a successor, and every whole number, with the exception of zero, has a predecessor.

Relationship between successor and predecessor

It is the terms succeed and precede that are referred to as successor and predecessor, respectively. If a number comes after the supplied numbers, it is known as a successor; if it comes before the specified numbers, it is known as a predecessor.

Examples include 11 as the successor of 10 while 9 as the predecessor of 10. As a result, we may state that the number that comes before the provided number is referred to as the number that came before that number.

Additionally, the number that follows after the provided number is referred to as the number after the given number.

Conclusion

As a result of reading this article, we now understand what the terms predecessor and successor mean. We also learned how to identify the number that is the predecessor and successor of a given number.

Read: How to prepare for class 10 math Olympiad

Even with higher numbers, we could apply the principle of locating the predecessor and successor to them. The phrase “predecessor” refers to the term that came before a certain term, while “successor” refers to the term that came after that term. To locate a predecessor, you must subtract one from the specific number that has been supplied. You must add one to the number provided to discover the whole number that is the successor of the given whole number.

Math Olympiad is an Olympiad that is conducted by the Indian talent Olympiad. It aims to develop an interest in math and improve the mathematical skills of aspiring candidates through team-based competitions.

They have two levels- national and international levels for students in grades 4 through 12. It requires more in-depth learning of each concept with a higher level of theoretical and practical knowledge of a subject as this is not a standard school-level exam.

Read: Preparing for Class 11 Political Science? Read this!!

Interested students can register themselves for the same after paying a nominal fee. As for the 10^th standard, it is one of the best opportunities for the students who will be pursuing fields related to Math, as it will be helpful for them.

Here are some of the tips which might be useful for your preparation to get yourself started for the preparation of the Math Olympiad.

• To begin with, students should do is check the syllabus because not knowing your exam syllabus can be detrimental to your preparation, your level of the exam, exam dates and the study material accordingly that is Math topic-wise notes- which includes textbooks of school, Olympiad books, worksheets, videos for more and proper guidance. In addition, all the interested students should commence their preparation as soon as possible after they are done with reading the preparation material, starting with chapter-wise questions or tests.
• In this way, they’ll get to analyze their strong and weak topics which could be extremely helpful, so that they can score well and study better without stress, anxiety and should make a scheduled timetable which will help them learn how to manage and use their time effectively and maintain their studies for school, Olympiad and other important activities that are essential for them. Sticking to their schedule is sometimes difficult for a student but one must follow it, making a few changes according to your plans can be fine but not always. Students can also pay attention to any new announcement made regarding Olympiad and stay connected to its website.

• Key to their success is consistency, patience, determination and practice and more practice as Math is a subject that requires daily practice. Students should consult and seek guidance from their Teachers/Parents/Older Siblings, if they get stuck and have trouble solving any Question or do not understand any concept because not paying attention to those issues can be a major drawback in the exam. 
• Analyze your preparation after every topic or chapter as this will also help them to improve and know where they stand according to their exam level. In these scenarios Parents also play a key role in the success of their kids. 
• Some of the suggestions books for the 10^th class Math Olympiad are – Olympiad Books Practice Sets – Mathematics class 10th. by Arihant, International Mathematics Olympiad Work Book -Class 10. by Mahabir Paperback and last but not least IOS 10 Olympiad of SCIENCE Comprehensive … Silver Zone, International Olympiad. 
• The Internet can be a great help too for the same as students can find lots of practice papers, worksheets and sample papers online even youtube videos of various topics, or chapters. One must learn to expose themselves to critical and logical thinking by solving sample Math Olympiad questions set by your experts so that you can test your present level. 
• Sample papers include both the levels that are Level 1 and Level 2 depending on the Level of Olympiad exam for Class 10 that you are going to give plays an important role to understand the exam pattern and the type of questions that are generally asked in their exams so a helpful tip is to not miss it. They can also look up to Olympiad Success which is India’s biggest Olympiad platform for its preparation for Class 10.

• It should be the student’s utmost importance as it can help a lot in the betterment of the preparation. Try to collect the best information that you can find on the internet and achieve your success with good practice as practice makes a man perfect. Before at least 4 days, students should just revise all the syllabus thoroughly and it is advised not to pick up new topics or concepts to study as this can lead to major stress and panic among students and forgetting the syllabus that they have studied. They should know that these exams can have a very vast syllabus so just stick to all the important topics and understand that one can never get enough practice so just do your best. 
• IMO Class 10th previous year question paper gives students clarity about the concepts and topics. Solving these papers will help students to understand their drawbacks. After taking tests and completing sample papers, you will learn about your doubts and weak points. Don’t put off answering your questions or improving your weaknesses. Understand those topics thoroughly, and practice answering the questions that will be posted to you.

Conclusion:

In the end, before a day or two of the examination, try to get a proper sound sleep of at least 8 hours as this will help you boost your concentration power and restore all the information that you studied.

Eating healthy food is also one of the most important things to keep in mind, try to stay calm and relax as stress will lead you nowhere and maybe you will not be able to give your hundred percent in your exam. Listen to music, laugh, talk to your friends, or anything else to stay calm.

Read: How to score 100 in Mathematics – Follow these 7 simple tricks

During the exam take deep breaths, stay hydrated, manage your time properly, focus on your question paper, and read your questions thoroughly as sometimes in panic or hurry students tend to misread the question and end up solving it wrong.

Do your best and do not think about the result, giving your best is more important as failing or passing does not matter what matters is that you tried your best. All the best Students! Be confident.

Despite learning all the subjects in school a new concept of the Olympiad has been introduced which is at the discretion of the students to take up the exam. Olympiads are of various subjects and one of the subjects which the students are afraid of attempting is math.

Olympiads are OMR-based exams with negative markings. Olympiads are conducted on the national and international levels; it is a globally recognized exam.

Preparing for the Math Olympiad can be easy and you can score maximum marks by planning your studies strategically.

Read: Score 90% in class 9 with these tips

Here are a few easy steps that can help you for preparing for the math Olympiad:

•  Improve or strengthen your basics:

Believe it or not but apart from the study material that has been provided to you, your basics need to be strong. To do that, solve math problems of lower classes and also solve the past year’s question papers. This will increase your concept clarity and help you study higher-level math. It is always said that a strong foundation is the basis of everything hence making your basics strong is your first step for math Olympiad preparations.

•  Solving aptitude problems:

The type of questions that you will see in the Olympiad exam would be higher-level math and aptitude problems. We are lucky to live in the internet era hence you can make most of it by solving aptitude problems or giving aptitude tests online. Various sites and e-learning platforms offer free aptitude tests or charge a very nominal fee for the same. Practice makes a man perfect, therefore; practicing such questions will give you knowledge but will also test your knowledge.

•  Know your syllabus/portion: 

Doing proper research like asking your peers, seniors and browsing the internet regarding the syllabus will open a lot of doors. There won’t be a specific topic but knowing at least the base may help you look into the right place for studying. You can expect questions from class 9 to class 10 math. Theories of graphs are to be read well.

•  Understanding each topic in detail:

Math Olympiads are conducted on national levels so it should be known that this exam is not like your other exams and need to be taken seriously. Revise each topic thoroughly and do not skip the theory. Memorize all the formulas and concepts because any question can be asked from a small point which thought was unimportant.

•  Reading:

 Maths Olympiad Is not just limited to books. Reading all the articles thoroughly regarding the math Olympiad is also important. On the official website of the maths Olympiad, you can find Free mock tests and the theory of math can not be ignored as a lot of questions are asked from theory as well.

• Solving past years papers and taking the help of teachers:

On the official website of the maths Olympiad, you can find past years papers which will make your practice much easier. Solving the papers will also give you an idea of the kind of questions that can be asked by them. You may also take the help of the subject teacher in your school for preparing for the maths Olympiad. The topics which you find hard or you are unable to do By yourself then you can take help of your teachers. 

• Online coaching:

To take your preparation one step ahead you can also refer to online teaching or e-learning platforms. The concepts which you find a little tacky or hard to understand can be understood through these platforms. YouTube an emerging platform can be used efficiently for watching lectures of maths online. Most of the online classes or most of the YouTube classes offer free lectures. If you feel that you need special attention or specialized classes you can even buy courses of math Olympiads. 

Read: Preparing for Class 11 Political Science? Read this!!

• Make use of all the study material provided:

After studying each chapter solve all the questions given in the workbook provided to you. to make the solving more efficient an exam-oriented set a timer of one hour and solve all the questions and then you can analyze your performance and conclude that how many questions you can solve in 60 Minutes.

• Practice well:

Practising a few problems or sums every day can just  Add up to your preparations. Even if you don’t give much time to this Olympiad studying regularly will help you enough to pass and ace the exam. Don’t underestimate practising well because it holds a very important place in the preparation journey. whatever your goal might be practising will help you reach your goal.

• Identifying your interest areas:

Maths Olympiad covers a diverse range of topics and not everybody can ace all the topics at once. Every student is an expert in at least one topic which means that you can solve or understand a particular topic very easily but other topics may seem a little bit hard for you in this scenario. What you can do is you can identify your Interests or the topic which you like and prepare it very well. Now the topics which you find very hard can be done at last and can be given last priority.

• Memorize theorems:

Divide this concept of mathematics, add curtains and they cannot be ignored. The easiest part is that our exam is MCQ-based hence we need not memorize the whole theorem and write it down. This can be used to the fullest and therefore,  every theorem should be understood neatly so that you can mark the answers correctly.

• Don’t stress yourself too much in the process:

Exams are a part of life and shouldn’t be made our whole life and also maths Olympiad are extracurricular exams. Discipline and determination are the keys to success in such exams.  These exams don’t just check your memory power but also test your logical reasoning and general knowledge. You should appear for an Olympiad only if you have an interest in that particular subject.

You can also refer to IMO Maths Olympiad Previous Year Question Paper Class 10 2014.

All the best!

Class 9 plays an important role in the student’s life. It is the foundation for higher classes. It is not an easy task to score 90% in CBSE class 9 exams. It requires proper preparation strategy and smart work. 

This article will provide you the tips to follow during the preparation to score 90% in the CBSE Class 9 exams. 

1. Follow the Syllabus: Students should have a complete idea about the CBSE Class 9 Syllabus since all the questions for the exam will be asked only from the syllabus. The syllabus for each subject is very basic. It will help you to prepare a proper study plan for your preparation. You will know which chapters to concentrate more on based on the marks’ weightage.
2. Make a timetable for Your Study: Students should start the preparation beforehand as it will give them enough time for revision and practice. An effective study plan is required to score well in the exam. Make sure you stick to the plan strictly. Studying seriously for 5-6 hours per day is maximum enough for Class 9 exam preparation. Make sure you spend the hours wisely. Spend 2 hours on math since it requires a lot of practice. For science papers, you can spend 1-1.5 hours daily. Spend 1.5 hours on social science papers. For Hindi and English, you can allot 1 hour. Take a break in between the schedules. 
3. NCERT Books: Students should strictly follow the NCERT books to prepare for the exam since it covers the entire syllabus. It is highly sufficient for the preparation. Students thoroughly read all the chapters and solve all the questions given in the textbook to check how well they have understood the chapter. You can verify the answers by referring to the NCERT solutions. 
4. Subject wise strategy: 

• Science: This is a subject that requires you to understand each and every concept from Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. You can learn difficult topics easily through YouTube videos. Make short notes in your own words for important definitions, experiments, formulas, reactions, equations, etc. It is a must to solve all the questions given at the end of the chapters.
• Maths: Students should practice maths regularly. This will help them to improve problem-solving abilities, speed, and accuracy. Understand the theorems and concepts, learn the formulas and apply them to problems to know how well you have understood. Practice all the questions twice from NCERT including the examples, solved, and unsolved questions. 
• Social Science: It includes History, Geography, and Civics. This subject requires you to read thoroughly and remember a lot of names and terms. Students should develop a story-telling ability to perform well in the exam. Make notes of important information like years, names of rivers, events, etc. 
• Literature: Often, students ignore scoring subjects like English and Hindi while they spend hours on other subjects. It is highly recommended to focus on these subjects as well as they can help you to increase your overall percentage since they are easy to learn. You can spend 1 hour daily studying English and Hindi/Sanskrit. For the grammar part, you can refer to standard reference books.

5. Identify Your Weak Areas: You should know the topics where you are facing difficulty or not up to the mark. Spend time on these topics and try to improve. This will help you not to lose confidence. This way you will not be able to skip any concepts. 
6. Clear Your Concepts Instead of Mugging: Students should avoid mugging up as later there is a chance for them to forget what they have read. All the topics in the NCERT books are explained in simple language. So, it is recommended to understand the concepts and write notes in your own words as it will help you to remember for a longer time. 
7. Practice Sample Papers and Previous Year Papers: You must spend the last 10 days before exams solving as many previous and sample papers as much as you can to track your performance level. This is the best way for you to revise. You will get familiar with the exam pattern as well as the type of questions that will be asked in the exam. You can improve your speed, accuracy, problem-solving skills as well as time management skills. You should set a time for 3 hours and solve the paper. You will get to know your mistakes. Make sure you don’t repeat it every time you solve the new sample paper. Analyze the questions and identify from which chapters very short, short, long questions are being asked. 
8. Revise: Once you complete studying a chapter, revise the chapter once again and then study the next chapter. This is the best way for you to memorize and remember all the concepts, important formulas, theories, etc. It is better if you revise the entire syllabus once after studying all the subjects. 
9. Stay Away from distraction: It is important for you to stay away from mobile phones etc until you finish your exams. Time is very precious. So it’s crucial to spend time in a useful way. This will also help you to concentrate better during studying. Unnecessary messages from the phone will make you lose focus and interest. 
10. How to attempt the exam: Before writing the exam, read the question paper twice. Write the key points in the rough sheet so that you won’t miss any major points while writing the answers. After completing the exam, check whether you attempted all the questions or not. If you have time left, verify the answers twice before submitting the paper. Students should make sure that their handwriting is neat. Do not scribble or strike out multiple times. Make sure you attempt the question paper in order-wise. 

Read: How to score 100 in Mathematics – Follow these 7 simple tricks

Follow these tips strictly and have confidence in your preparation. Try not to feel stressed before the exam. Be calm and relaxed as it will help you not to forget anything. All the Best!!

Political Science, a branch of Social Sciences is a very interesting and inquisitive subject that deals with the systematics theories and practices of the government bodies and politics at different levels right from local to international.

Political Science involves studies of cultural, psychological, and societal problems and tries to bring out factors that influence the working of government and politics.

Political Science of CBSE Board Class 11 concerns with two streams – Comparative Politics and Public Administrations and has a total of twenty chapters like The Indian Constitution, Election, Local governing bodies, International Relations, and ideas of Law, Equality, and Liberty which introduces students to the main outline of concepts, thoughts, and policies in political theories.

Read: Guide to Prepare for Class 11 Chemistry

The definition of Political Science given by Aristotle, a Greek thinker was the ‘Study of State’. The subject becomes important as it not only deals with political groups or governing bodies but also with every citizen of the country showing how politics impact lives directly or indirectly.

Why study Political Science?

• Political Science is a compulsory subject for CBSE Arts stream students thus they have to put in all their efforts in getting good marks in this subject to uplift their overall percentage
• Gives an idea about the Political Systems around us and changes that take place in the global political economy
• Provides students with details about the historical setting in the framing of the Indian Constitution with its implementations in real-life politics and compares its key features to the Constitution across the world
• Introduces students to the world of Renaissance with political thinkers and their viewpoints. This encourages and develops a skill for critical thinking among students to examine and analyze the concepts and develop concern for the political life present around them
• Students get familiar with the important political events that take place globally. This makes them conscious of the effects that contemporary development brings in shaping our daily lives.  
• Every student has studied about the independence period of India but Political Science brings into light the post-independence political events. This allows them to analyze the events that took place in recent history and the making of contemporary India.
• Briefs the students about the concept of the day’s social life of every citizen

Many students fear descriptive subjects like Political Science finding it to be difficult to understand.

Here are some tips on how you can improve with your preparations in this subject 

Go through the syllabus

Nothing will come out of the syllabus. It becomes very crucial for every humanities student to have an overall concept about the topic mentioned in the syllabus so you know what to study and whatnot.

Political Science Class 11 CBSE syllabus has two parts Part A Contemporary World Politics and Part B Politics of India since Independence each dealing with a number of important chapters within them like

PART A– International organizations, Globalization, End of Bipolarity, Era of Cold Wars, South Asian Contemporaries

PART B– India’s external relations, One party dominance, Challenges of Nation-building, Rise of popular movements, Recent Developments in India

Prefer the book prescribed by CBSE Board

The CBSE Board has mentioned using the NCERT Books For Class 11 Political Science hence start your preparation with it. Study the textbook very thoroughly line by line and do not miss any important point or topic.

Political Science deals with a number of important dates to remember and names of organizations from across the globe try to underline them which will help you later during revision. You can also use flashcards which will make your learning simple and convenient

Go for an in-depth understanding of topics

Political Science deals with levels of government existing, different policies and theories of each political party, and different groups influencing the government. Besides these points, it also deals with diplomatic and military strategies employed by the government. The whole portion is a bit complex and requires in-depth understanding and proper clearance. Thus it is very important to get the concepts cleared in Class 11 itself before proceeding to the Class 12 syllabus.  

Prepare notes from the topics

Try to make short notes of the topics that are taught by your political science teacher in class and also refer to the textbook by taking the important keywords and writing them in your own words.

Read: Board exams: How to Break These Bad Study Habits

Start with simply reading the text of your chapter first and then understanding the point of what they are conveying and finally jot them down in your own language. Make sure you do not change the meaning of the phrase and the concept. This process will help you get a clear concept easily by yourself and will avoid mugging up points.

Get your basics cleared

Political Science is a subject in which you can score a perfect 100/100 if the concepts are understood well. Always get your basics cleared by your tutors right at the beginning before shifting to complicated topics.

One can also go through the NCERT textbook which has proper explanations in simple words. Identify the important points that your teacher uses while giving lectures and be quick to jot them down. 

Devote time in self-study

Arrange sessions for self-assessment where you can list down all your weak points regarding any topic and work toward improving it. Figure out the chapters that are time-consuming and difficult to learn and start with them. Completion of harder and lengthier topics right at the beginning will leave you relaxed about your preparation.

Read: 10 Ways to Start Enjoying Math

Solving topic-related questions from the previous year’s sample paper will also help you a lot. You will also have enough time to revise them in brief. Self-study will boost your confidence and help in self-improvement. You can easily score well in Political Science with proper guidance from your school teacher and doing self-study instead of taking tuition. 

Discuss on chapters taught

Try to discuss a particular topic taught in the class with your friends. This process will give an exchange of knowledge and will give you a better understanding. For example, you can discuss the concept of sovereignty. All your friends will present their own opinion of sovereignty in their own words and some might also try to illustrate it with an example. Take their ideas and develop them in your own writing. This will help you in presenting some innovative answers.

Political Science is an interesting and highly scoring subject. Work hard and refer to these above-listed tips. That will make  Political Science an easy subject to study.

Mathematics is an important subject. It gives other scientific subjects validation. Without mathematics, there will be no proof for many scientific theories thus making them invalid. To pursue any profession in science, a student must have a proper mathematical understanding.   

Mathematics might be a difficult subject among others but it is the easiest subject to score 100 out of 100 marks once a student understands it. Studying mathematics is quite different from other subjects.

A student cannot just read a concept and understand it. The concept needs an application too. Practice examples at a variety of difficulty levels of questions. NCERT textbooks from 9th to 12th are enough to revise all basic concepts of mathematics.

Answering questions properly is as important as solving them. To know how to write answers to NCERT solutions like RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 9 Ch 4 PDF is important.

In this article, we will discuss how to prepare for math to get 100% marks in detail.  

How to prepare for the exam?  

• Make notes  

Students may wonder what to write in math notes and why is it necessary. Students must make separate notes for all the theorems, formulas, and key pointers. These notes are important to revise one day before or minutes before the exam.

Every theorem in the syllabus students can write in notes with proof. Write every formula that might come useful in the exam. Also, add some valuable pointers that will be useful in solving questions.

Make notes of important figures and diagrams from the textbook. In math, figures and graphs are important. From a geometrical point of view, it is important to draw figures where it is necessary like proofs of theorems, constructions, solving questions related to measurements, etc.

In algebra, graphs can be asked directly in the statistics section. Practice them before the exam and make use of them in the exam where it is necessary.  

• Try to solve questions by yourself  

Math is easy when you practice and learn from your mistakes. Whenever a student is solving new questions, they might find them difficult to solve. The key point to note here is to never give up early.

Some questions are hard, that cannot be solved at the first go then you can refer to solutions for those questions. But do not refer to solutions for the questions right away. Spend more time on those questions, brainstorm on them and try to find the solution on your own. Hard questions solved on your help in remembering theories and concepts better.  

• Be acquainted with the syllabus  

Whether a student is in 1st standard, 12th standard, or preparing for any exam, a student should be acquainted with the syllabus. Knowing the syllabus is the key to how to study the syllabus. Understanding the syllabus will give the right direction to the study. Know the syllabus and plan accordingly. Focus on chapters that have high marks. Prioritize the syllabus.  

• Solving papers  

As mentioned in the article above, the key to mastering math is practice, and there is no other good option to practice math than solving papers. Practice papers hold the same difficulty level of questions as in the main exam. They create the same experience of giving the main exam that a student can assess his/her progress according to the performance in practice papers.

It is a simulation for the main exam to reduce the stress and anxiety of the main exam on a student. Solving papers will help in making a strategy for the exam. It will show the mistakes made during the exam beforehand so that a student can avoid making them in the exam and score higher.  

• Accept your weak areas and define your strong areas  

Knowing yourself must be the priority for the student. Knowing the weaknesses and strengths will be an advantage during the preparation of math. Some students are good at algebra and some students are good at geometry.

Algebra means the calculations, solving equations, algebraic expressions, etc. Geometry means shapes, geometric properties, theorems, and their proofs, constructions, etc.

Also, Check 10 Ways to Start Enjoying Math

Students must know their weaknesses and start work on it as soon as possible. Students can take help from teachers, friends, and the internet to learn the concepts if they are difficult to learn on their own and from the textbook. Strong areas must not be ignored.

Where students are paying extra attention to their weak areas, strong areas must be studied along with weak areas. This will make balance in studies and studying math will never be tiring.  

• Revise learned concepts  

Math is not a memory-based subject. Revising concepts is the only way to remember the concepts from math. Concepts like algebraic equations and trigonometry need consistent practice. Formulas of trigonometry, measurements, etc. topics tend to be forgotten when they are not revised. Hence it is necessary to revise what you have learned to memorize the concepts.  

• Master solution writing  

Solution writing is the most important part of the exams where the answer is asked with the required steps of calculation for that answer. Many students have had an experience where the teacher had cut their marks despite finding the correct answer for the question. Those marks are cut because the solution written in the exam is not showing the proper steps needed in finding the correct solution. Hence, write your solutions for questions carefully.

Read: Guide to Prepare for Class 11 Chemistry

Do not forget any step. Practice solution writing for the questions. Do not just solve questions, write their solution on a piece of paper and compare it with a reliable solution source. Note down mistakes which you are doing repetitively and try to avoid them by practicing solving similar types of questions.  

Conclusion  

If students prepare for math from the above tips, they can surely score 100% marks. Keep in mind that preparing for a subject will mean nothing if students fail to present it in writing papers. Hence, with proper strategy, solve the paper in the exam within the given time. Do not stress the fact that there is a huge syllabus to cover. Make math a hobby or a fun activity so that it will not be difficult.   

Chemistry is an important subject if a student wants to pursue a bachelor’s degree studies in science. Till class 10th students have learned very basics of science. Class 11 Chemistry will introduce students to advance chemistry basics  

NCERT Books Class 11 Chemistry is important for Class 11 chemistry. The subject will have two parts thus having two textbooks. The first textbook has 7 chapters and the second textbook has 7 chapters which comprise a total of 14 chapters.

In each chapter, there is an introduction to the concept which revises the concepts learned in previous standards. Then few new concepts are introduced building upon the learned concepts. Then, there are 1-2 examples to explain the new concept.

The language used in NCERT chemistry textbooks is simple and easy to understand. There are also schematic diagrams where necessary. Every chapter has plenty of questions to practice.   

Advantages and disadvantages for students  

 An advantage for students of Class 11 is that Class 11 is advanced level compared to Class 10 and foundation level compared to Class 12. Concepts learned in Class 10 are going to help learn concepts from Class 11.

If students have conceptual clarity of most of the concepts from Class 10 then it is going to be quite easy to understand the Class 11 Chemistry syllabus. Every chapter is concise and easy to understand. Students will have an advantage if they are aware of the CBSE exam pattern, syllabus and use the NCERT textbook properly.  

The only disadvantage for the Class 11 students is that part 2 of Chemistry Class 11 has some new concepts and will need a lot of practice and memorization. Many concepts will not be comprehensible, those concepts will slow down the study process of the students and might affect the other subjects.   

Here is how to avoid all obstacles and rightly prepare for Class 11 Chemistry –  

• Start with the basics. If you do not remember concepts from Class 10 then revise them. Make sure to just understand them and do not read the whole textbook. Just read them.   
• After revising Class 10th concepts, go through the Class 11 textbook once. When you are reading for the first time you might not get every concept but just reading every chapter can help in planning the yearly study plan.  
• There are only 14 chapters and every chapter is concise hence it is easy to cover the whole syllabus in one year. Start making notes once the chapter is completed. Summarizing a chapter can only happen when the whole chapter is fully understood. Hence by making notes it will be easy to analyze which concepts are clear and which concepts still need to be understood.  
• Focus on making short notes which are possible to read in 1- 2 minutes for every chapter. Use flow charts, diagrams, graphs, tables, etc. These notes are important to revise chapters the day before the exam.  
• Make a habit of writing chemical reactions given in the textbook. In the exam, most of the chemical reactions are from the textbook. Sometimes questions are directly asked about reactions and sometimes questions are related to the reactions. Hence it is better to know the reactions from the textbook.  
• I pay special attention to chapters like Thermodynamics and Equilibrium. These chapters have many new concepts which are crucial concerning the Class 12 Chemistry exam. Making notes is important for this chapter. Students will need to revise the concepts from these chapters to not forget about what they have learned. These chapters carry high marks in exams hence do not skip these chapters.  
• In part II, Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques and Hydrocarbons are important chapters. Many terms might be familiar but the chapters focus on in-depth understanding and conceptual unambiguity. Here students need to focus on structures of carbon compounds, functional groups, and reactions from the chapter. Once a week try to write the reactions from both chapters. Organic chemistry is going to be particularly important for Class 12 hence students cannot skip these chapters from the part II chemistry textbook of Class 11.  
• Environmental Chemistry is the easiest chapter in Class 11 Chemistry. It is to make people aware of types of pollution and how chemical wastage is harming the environment. Students must learn all terms from this chapter. This chapter can help in scoring marks.  
• Prioritize the whole syllabus. Prepare each chapter according to its mark’s weightage. Give appropriate time for each chapter according to its weightage.  
• Before diving into any new concept read first, then understand, then apply then revise. This is how you can learn any concept without any need for mugging up.   
• Most important thing is that while focusing on Chemistry do not lose focus on other subjects. Other subjects are as important as Chemistry. Plan out your study by giving each subject appropriate time according to its strengths and weaknesses.  
• Occasionally, do check previous years’ papers. Every year questions might change but the type of questions and weightage marks for every chapter are the same. Having previous year’s papers and syllabus while doing preparation will give the right direction to the study.  
• Solve mock tests or sample papers. Practicing is important. It will help in the understanding exam and planning the paper-solving strategy.   
• Do not just solve sample papers. After getting them corrected, look at the questions you answered wrong and where marks have been cut. Rectify mistakes and try to avoid doing the same mistakes again by simply making notes of them.  
• Use NCERT solutions with the NCERT textbook. NCERT solutions are designed such as to guide students to write answers ideally for examinations. While solving NCERT textbooks questions, keep NCERT solutions as guidance to write perfectly concise answers.  

Conclusion  

Class 11 is going to be important for the students. Practicing your answer writing skills and preparing for the Class 12 board exams is going to be crucial for students. Understanding every concept is going to be helpful for students’ preparation in Class 12. Hence stay on your goal and achieve them by keeping on to them constantly.  

Math isn’t just boring schoolwork. Some scientists consider mathematics to be the most important science and one of the first in the world.

Without knowledge of mathematics, all modern life would be impossible. We wouldn’t have good houses because builders have to be able to measure, count, and build. There would be no railways, no ships, no planes, no big industry. There would be no radio, television, cinema, telephone, and thousands of other things that make up a part of our civilization.

Mathematics allows us to see the world without the so-called rose-colored glasses. The curriculum is structured in such a way that it seems that mathematics is just calculations. But no. Calculations are always present when solving real problems, but mathematics is rather what formulates and composes these expressions for calculation. To master this science, you need not memorize formulas, but understand them from the inside.

For this, many technologies and methods of studying mathematics have been invented in the modern world.

Why is Math Important?

● Mathematics develops thinking – analyze and systematize; find patterns and establish causal relationships; reason and draw conclusions; to think logically, strategically, and abstractly – all this is taught by mathematics.

● Doing mathematics, solving mathematical problems develops a person, makes him more purposeful, more independent.

● Theories of mathematics are widely used in other sciences, seemingly completely far from it – linguistics, jurisprudence.

● The development of methods of computational mathematics and the increase in the power of computers makes it possible today to perform accurate calculations in the field of medicine.

●  After learning math, you can easily do your homework. If something does not work out – ask for help with math homework, for example, on online services.

How to Love Math?

Parents are musicians, there are no mathematicians in the family. What kind of math is there? The brain is not math and other nonsense common in the school environment. People are taught such prejudices from childhood, retraining left-handers, “healing” those who stutter with fear, and diligently sorting children’s brains into “mathematical” and “humanitarian”. We have already seen that mathematics is important, now we will figure out how to love it.

1. Understand What Mathematics Is Needed for in Real Life

Mathematics is a very important science that is used in many areas of our life: from everyday tasks to all kinds of things. This science allows you to develop the flexibility of the mind, which is necessary for making an objective solution to any problem.

2. Love Math Using Games

The well-known “sea battle” will be one example of such a game. To play you need 2 cubes, a piece of paper in the box and a pen or pencil. The rules for the location of ships are simple – it is impossible for them to touch either side or corners. The goal of this game is to destroy all enemy ships. The winner is the one who does it first.

3. Admit It Won’t Be Easy

Studying mathematics is not easy: in order to properly deal with a new topic, you need to spend more than one-hour reading textbooks, even more time will be needed to solve problems and work on mistakes. For many, such a load may be beyond their strength. But mathematics values ​​perseverance and patience, for which it generously rewards: once you thoroughly understand the topic once, you are unlikely to forget the material, the understanding of which you got with great difficulty. It’s like with athletes, after the first 30 minutes of a marathon, a second wind opens.

4. Study First What You Are Interested In

Start with areas of mathematics that are really interesting to you and study them so that you have a good understanding.

5. Use the Simple to Complex Principle

Start simple and then move on to the complex. So you will learn everything gradually and you will not have problems understanding certain topics.

6. Practice Math

Mathematics is needed absolutely in all spheres of life. Every day we use simple arithmetic operations to shop, to plan our time. In every profession, one way or another, mathematical calculations are used, even if it is not noticeable at first glance. Use math while you pay for purchases, solve tasks, and organize your day.

7. Solve Problems Constantly

To learn math, you need to solve problems. And, of course, it is better if these are tasks that are not boring to solve. It’s up to you: algebra or geometry, the main thing is to decide.

8. Take breaks

There is a lot to be said about the importance of breaks. Taking breaks allows our “brain to organize and memorize information about a previous task and prepare for a new one.” The brain archives information at rest. If we do not give him time to archive, we risk forgetting part of what we have developed previously.

9. Lead Abstract

When you just read, you are using short-term memory. Writing transfers information from short-term to long-term memory, and visual memory is supplemented by motor memory.

10. Read books

Paradoxically, literature can heighten interest in mathematics and inspire one’s own research. Fiction stories about mathematics, unusual collections, and problem books are suitable for younger students and adolescents.

Today we do not know the spheres of human life where mathematics is not needed. Not a single new discovery can do without it, not a single invention works, not a single enterprise or state functions, therefore, the range of everything where mathematics is needed is quite wide.

Also, check Why are Math Puzzles Important?

When we start to study this discipline in school, we do not know if we will make a discovery in physics, computer science, astronomy, or other science. Or maybe we will be an engineer or an architect, an aircraft designer or a pharmacist, i.e. a specialist in the profession where mathematics will be needed for us.